Pendekatan Flow Cytometry dalam Kuantifikasi Mikroorganisme Pangan: Analisis Sistematis Literatur
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Abstract
Kuantifikasi mikroorganisme menjadi aspek penting untuk menjamin keamanan dan mutu produk pangan. Metode kultur tradisional yang umum digunakan memerlukan waktu lama dan kurang sensitif dalam mendeteksi mikroba viabel. Flow cytometry (FCM) berkembang sebagai teknik analisis mikroba yang cepat, akurat, dan multiparameter dengan kemampuan mendeteksi sel individual berdasarkan karakteristik fisik dan kimia, termasuk viabilitas sel. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review dengan protokol PRISMA untuk menyintesis hasil penelitian terkini (2020-2025) terkait aplikasi FCM dalam kuantifikasi dan evaluasi viabilitas mikroorganisme pada produk pangan. Dari 450 artikel awal, terpilih 15 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan FCM unggul dibanding kultur tradisional dalam kecepatan, serta tingkat sensitivitasnya pada sel viable but non-culturable (VBNC), dan kemampuan multiparameter, walaupun terdapat variabilitas hasil akibat perbedaan protokol pewarnaan dan kompleksitas produk pangan. Standarisasi prosedur dan validasi antar-laboratorium menjadi kunci keberhasilan implementasi FCM. Aplikasi inovatif seperti integrasi Flow-FISH dan Imaging Flow Cytometry memperluas kemampuan analisis mikroba pangan. Keseluruhan, FCM memberikan potensi besar sebagai metode cepat dan sensitif untuk monitoring mikroba pangan dalam penelitian dan industri.
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