Integrating IoT in Agricultural Education: A SAMR Model-Based STEM Approach
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Abstract
The agricultural sector is currently facing an environmental crisis that demands early integration of technology through STEM education. This research aims to develop a learning recommendation model grounded in the SAMR stages as a structured pedagogical framework for integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) into the school environment. The method used is an exploratory qualitative method, which includes data reduction, activity analysis, and qualitative synthesis based on the SAMR model. Concept validation is conducted through a virtual simulation on the Autodesk Tinkercad platform to assess the design's technical and instructional feasibility. The research successfully designed three agricultural IoT prototypes: Smart Irrigation, Smart Seeding Heater, and Soggy Soil Alarm. These prototypes were systematically mapped from the Substitution to Redefinition level. Simulations show that threshold-based automated programming logic can be validated with high precision without the risk of cost or hardware damage. In conclusion, this model successfully bridges the gap between technical tools and meaningful pedagogical transformations. The implementation of virtual simulations has proven to be a strategic solution to enhance computational thinking skills and student engagement in solving real problems in an innovative and fun way.
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