Potensi Cangkang Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd) sebagai Prekursor Karbon Aktif dengan Variasi Aktivator: Review
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Abstract
Karbon aktif merupakan salah satu adsorben yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam pengolahan air karena memiliki luas permukaan tinggi dan struktur pori yang berkembang. Produksi karbon aktif masih bergantung pada bahan baku tak terbarukan dan berbiaya tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan limbah biomassa sebagai prekursor karbon aktif menjadi pendekatan yang semakin relevan dalam kerangka ekonomi sirkular. Salah satu biomassa yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi karbon aktif yaitu cangkang kemiri (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd). Artikel review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif potensi cangkang kemiri sebagai bahan baku karbon aktif dengan fokus pada pengaruh variasi aktivator terhadap karakteristik dan kinerja absorpsi karbon aktif yang dihasilkan. Kajian dilakukan melalui analisis kritis literatur terkait potensi tempurung kemiri sebagai bahan baku, proses produksi karbon aktif, jenis aktivator dan pengaruhnya terhadap arang aktif serta analisis kritis mengenai karbon aktif cangkang kemiri. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jenis aktivator (asam maupun basa) berperan signifikan dalam menentukan struktur pori, luas permukaan dan kapasitas adsorpsi karbon aktif. Aktivator asam cenderung menghasilkan karbon aktif dengan gugus fungsi permukaan yang kaya, sedangkan aktivator basa efektif dalam pembentukan mikropori. Cangkang kemiri memiliki potensi besar sebagai prekursor karbon aktif. Namun, tantangan mengenai keberlanjutan proses, konsumsi energi dan limbah kimia masih perlu diatasi. Review ini diharapkan menjadi dasar pengembangan riset lebih lanjut dan penerapan teknologi karbon aktif yang efisien, ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.
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